Manic depression, or Bipolar Disorder, is a condition of alternating moods where an individual will go through manic episodes and then experience episodes of depression. It is felt to be a genetic disorder because it seems to run in families. Manic depression affects both men and women and can involve mild feelings or can go to extremes in the emotions that the sufferer will experience. The episodes may alternate very quickly, which is known as rapid cycling, or can take longer periods of time in which to occur.
During a manic episode, an individual may feel extremely happy. He or she may talk rapidly and loudly. Irritability can also be a symptom with this type of episode. Impulsive actions can occur, resulting in decisions being made that could turn out to be detrimental. Increased levels of energy may cause a lack of sleep along with an increased sex drive and social behavior that is improper. Poor judgment is often used during this time, and risks may be taken that would normally not be a part of the individual’s behavior and could actually be dangerous. Thoughts may race, and the individual may have feelings of grandeur.
An episode of depression will include feelings of sadness and hopelessness. There will be an increase or a decrease in appetite, resulting in a weight gain or a weight loss. It will be difficult for the individual to make decisions, and forgetfulness will be a part of this episode. Insomnia may occur, or the individual may get too much sleep. There will be a lack of interest in activities that used to bring pleasure. Physical symptoms, such as headaches, muscle aches and stomach upset, can also accompany depression. The individual may have the desire to commit suicide and may actually make an attempt.
There is another type of manic depression, known as Bipolar II Disorder, where the periods of elation will be of a milder nature. This is known as hypomania, and Bipolar II Disorder may also include episodes of mild or major depression.
The only way to diagnose Bipolar Disorder is by having a doctor evaluate all of the symptoms that are being experienced. A physical examination will usually be performed to ascertain that fluctuating moods are not being caused by any physical condition. Laboratory tests can also be done to rule out medical problems, and family history will be taken to determine if other family members have been plagued with any type of mood disorder.
Mood stabilizing drugs are usually prescribed for those who are experiencing the condition of manic depression. These medications may include anticonvulsants and antipsychotics. In some cases, antidepressants will also be used to help the depressed state of mind, and stimulants are then given to help boost the effects of the antidepressant medication.
Psychotherapy is another type of treatment that is used for different forms of depression. This treatment can help the individual who has manic depression to better understand and deal with the condition. Relaxation techniques may also be very beneficial in establishing a more peaceful and tranquil attitude that will help stabilize the moods, along with the benefits that can be obtained through proper medication.
With appropriate treatment and the support of family and friends, those suffering from Bipolar Disorder can find a way back to living a normal lifestyle. Fluctuating moods can be controlled, and the frequency and severity of episodes can be minimized. Since Bipolar Disorder is a long-term condition, the individual who is afflicted with it will have to maintain a lifetime treatment program to ensure that the proper results will be consistently maintained.